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In Italy, 2016 was meant to be the year of the “great reform,” a constitutional revision that would have concluded the never-ending transition from “First” to “Second” Republic, a long process involving several transformations in the electoral system and party system since the 1990s. It did not turn out this way. Instead, the Renzi-Boschi law for constitutional revision, which started its parliamentary procedure in April 2014 and saw its final reading in the Chamber of Deputies in April 2016, was eventually rejected by voters in a confirmative referendum held on 4 December.
List of Abbreviations
Chronology of Italian Political Events, 2016
Rinaldo Vignatti
Introduction: The Great Reform That Never Was
Alessandro Chiaramonte and Alex Wilson
POLITICS
Chapter 1. Matteo Salvini's Northern League in 2016: Between Stasis and New Opportunities
Davide Vampa
Chapter 2. Relations with Europe: Beyond the Vincolo Esterno
Erik Jones
Chapter 3. Italy in the Middle East and the Mediterranean: Evolving Relations with Egypt and Libya
Elisabetta Brighi and Marta Musso
INSTITUTIONS
Chapter 4. The 2016 Municipal Elections
Vincenzo Emanuele and Nicola Maggini
Chapter 5. Yet Another Failed Attempt to Reform the Italian Constitution Carlo Fusaro 6. Renzi Removed: The 2016 Italian Constitutional Referendum and Its Outcome
Martin J. Bull
SOCIETY
Chapter 7. The Decline of Rome: The Never-Ending Crisis in the Capital
Giada Zampano
Chapter 8. The Persistent Issue of Refugees: Organized Hypocrisy, Solidarity, and Mounting Protest
Tiziana Caponio and Teresa Cappiali
Chapter 9. Civil Unions in Italy
Giulia Maria Cavaletto
Documentary Appendix
Compiled by Valentina Sartori
Abstracts