Soil health management practices and systems can be important tools for farmers to realize on-farm benefits associated with decreased erosion, improved levels of soil organic matter and improved soil structure and function. This chapter describes existing research on the economics of soil health (with a focus on the USA), with a particular focus on the adoption of soil health management practices by farmers and the effectiveness of incentives. The chapter identifies priorities for future research and provides a detailed list of additional resources for readers interested in topics related to the economics of soil health and soil health management practices.