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Anthropological archaeologists have long attempted to develop models that will let them better understand the evolution of human social organization. In our search to understand how chiefdoms and states evolve, and how those societies differ from egalitarian 'bands', we have neglected to develop models that will aid the understanding of the wide range of variability that exists between them. This volume attempts to fill this gap by exploring social organization in tribal - or 'autonomous village' - societies from several different ethnographic, ethnohistoric, and archaeological contexts - from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period in the Near East to the contemporary Jivaro of Amazonia.
List of Contributors
Preface and Acknowledgements
PART I: THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Chapter 1. Introduction: Archaeology and Tribal Societies
William A. Parkinson
Chapter 2. From Social Type to Social Process: Placing ‘Tribe’ in a Historical Framework
Severin M. Fowles
Chapter 3. The Tribal Village and Its Culture: An Evolutionary Stage in the History of Human Society
Robert L. Carneiro
PART II: ETHNOGRAPHIC AND ETHNOHISTORIC PERSPECTIVES
Chapter 4. The Long and the Short of a War Leader’s Arena
Elsa M. Redmond
Chapter 5. Inequality and Egalitarian Rebellion, a Tribal Dialectic in Tonga History
Severin M. Fowles
Chapter 6. The Dynamics of Ethnicity in Tribal Society: A Penobscot Case Study
Dean Snow
Chapter 7. Modeling the Formation and Evolution of an Illyrian Tribal System: Ethnographic and Archaeological Analogs
Michael Galaty
PART III: ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES FROM THE NEW WORLD
Chapter 8. Mobility and the Organization of Prehispanic Southwest Communities
Sarah A. Herr and Jeffery J. Clark
Chapter 9. Building Consensus: Tribes, Architecture, and Typology in the American Southwest
Michael Adler
Chapter 10. Fractal Archaeology: Intra-Generational Cycles and the Matter of Scale, an Example from the Central Plains
Donald J. Blakeslee
Chapter 11. Material Indicators of Territory, Identity, and Interaction in a Prehistoric Tribal System
John M. O’Shea and Claire McHale Milner
Chapter 12. Hopewell Tribes: A Study of Middle Woodland Social Organization in the Ohio Valley
Richard W. Yerkes
Chapter 13. The Evolution of Tribal Social Organization in the Southeastern United States
David G. Anderson
Chapter 14. Mesoamerica’s Tribal Foundations
John E. Clark and David Cheetham
PART IV: ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES FROM THE OLD WORLD
Chapter 15. Early Neolithic Tribes in the Levant
Ofer Bar-Yosef and Daniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer
Chapter 16. A Neolithic Tribal Society in Northern Poland
Peter Bogucki
Chapter 17. Some Aspects of the Social Organization of the LBK of Belgium
Lawrence H. Keeley
Chapter 18. Integration, Interaction, and Tribal ‘Cycling’: The Transition to the Copper Age
on the Great Hungarian Plain
William A. Parkinson