The Congo basin covers the second largest expanse of tropical forest on the planet. This chapter discusses the recent history and implementation challenges of sustainable forest management (SFM) across the basin. It shows that while the most modern SFM ideas and concepts have shaped the current forest legal framework, their effective translation into actions and implementation on the ground remains wanting. The chapter looks at issues such as logging concessions, land zones and the processes and institutions required to implement effective SFM policies.