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In this new study, the author examines sijills, the official documents of the Ottoman Islamic courts, to understand how sharia law, society, and the early-modern economy of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Ottoman Cairo related to the practice of custom in determining rulings. In the sixteenth century, a new legal and cultural orthodoxy fostered the development of an early-modern Islam that broke new ground, giving rise to a new concept of the citizen and his role. Contrary to the prevailing scholarly view, this work adopts the position that local custom began to diminish and decline as a source of authority.
These issues resonate today, several centuries later, in the continuing discussions of individual rights in relation to Islamic law.
Introduction
i: A Very Modern Crisis
ii: Mapping the terrain
iii: The Chapters
iv: The Sources
Chapter One
The Empire in Theory
Introduction
i: the Empire in Historiography
ii: the Empire in Theory
Chapter Two
Custom in Shari‘a and in the Siyasati Ilahi (Celestial Siyasa)
Introduction
i: the “Good” and the “Detestable” in Islamic Law
ii: Custom in Islamic legal theory
iii: iii: the Siyasati Ilahi and Namus Laws
Chapter Three
The Construction of Orthodoxy:
Renewal (Tajdid) & Renunciation (Takfir)
Introduction
Section i: Inter-Empire Trade and the Rise of Local Capital
Section i: Takfir; The Intra-Muslim Jihad
Section ii: Tajdid; The Social Conquest
Chapter Four
“This Sijill is a Hujja!”
Mass Producing Documents in Ottoman-Cairo
Introduction
i: The Document Triumphant
ii: The Document in Theory
iii: The Sijill as Text and Testament
iv: The Fusion of Speaking and Writing
Chapter Five
The Documented Life
Introduction
i: The Document in Stasis: Territorializing Shari‘a
ii: Archival Violence and Memory
iii: The Document in Motion
Chapter Six
The Rights of God (Huquq Allah)
“A Moral Transgression, not a Crime”
Introduction
i: The Hudud
ii: The Threshold of Morality
iii: Civil Marriage
-the conditional clause
-the deferred dower
iv: Divorce and Annulment
v: Waqf
Chapter Seven
The Rights of Man (Huquq al-Adamiyyin)
Introduction
i: Multiplicity and Conformity
ii: Private Mu‘amala; the Empire in the City
iii: Public Mu‘amalat; The Community in the Empire
Conclusions
Bibliography