All the elements of current global development – urbanization, industrialization, population growth, food insecurity, environmental degradation, climate change and other universal issues – call for more equitable and balanced agricultural systems, including new and innovative ways of keeping and integrating animals into our food production systems. This chapter is ‘only’ the introductory chapter which explains the ‘logic’ behind the composition of this book and highlights the key issues which the various authors described, analysed and discussed in their chapters. The chapter highlights important points made in the book Improving organic animal farming, addressing both key farm animal species as well as species less frequently discussed until now, such as fish and bees. Finally, the chapter looks ahead to future research trends in this area.