‘Philosophy is always both national (because it is written in a national language) Piotr Nowak and universal (because it analyses concepts). Piotr Nowak’s fascinating book reminds us of this truth by gathering the biographies (and photographs) and summarizing the works of 28 extraordinary Polish thinkers of the past hundred years, in whom philosophical rigour and political turmoil combined, often tragically, to produce results that will be of interest not only in Warsaw and Cracow but also in California and Munich.’— Glenn W. Most, The University of Chicago

‘At this moment of resurgent nationalism and the decline of the international liberal order, Nowak reminds us that philosophy challenges all ideologies without freeing philosophers from impossible political dilemmas. Like Plutarch’s Lives, Nowak’s biographies forge a comprehensive Socratic education. The narratives are rich, the philosophical insights still richer.’ — J. Walter Sterling, President, St. John’s College

‘This fascinating gallery of profiles examines twentieth-century Polish philosophers some of whom created works of worldwide significance but whose lives and work became enmeshed in totalitarianism in proportion to their distance from Socratic philosophy.’ — Zarko Minkov, Roosevelt University

Piotr Nowak is Professor of Philosophy at the Bialystok University in Poland, deputy editor‑in‑chief of the annual Kronos. Philosophical Journal, and the author of The Ancients and Shakespeare on Time: Some Remarks on the War of Generations (2014) and After Jews. Essays on Political Theology, Shoah and the End of Man (2022; 2025). He published among others in Philosophy and Literature (“Gods and Children: Shakespeare Reads The Prince,” Vol. 41, No. 1A, 2017).