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Northern European Metalpoint Drawings
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01 January 2017

This volume presents the results of a comprehensive non-invasive technical examination of 30 northern European metalpoint drawings in the collection of the British Museum, most of which were included in the exhibition Drawing in Silver and Gold: Leonardo to Jasper Johns, shown at the British Museum, London and the National Gallery of Art, Washington in 2015.
Metalpoint is a drawing technique closely associated with the linear aesthetic of the 15th century, but its unique qualities were still being explored by artists such as Hendrick Goltzius throughout the following century. Using an approach developed for previous research on Italian Renaissance drawings, the authors of this study combined visual examination methods with technical imaging and chemical analysis in order to uncover new information on the materials used by different artists and explore the variations in their drawing techniques. The resulting data is used to make comparisons and associations between various works and also shows how northern European artists, particularly those from the Netherlands, differed profoundly from their counterparts south of the Alps in the innovative way they used incised lines to emphasise certain details in their drawing.
The detailed discussion and documentation presented in this study complements an earlier volume on Italian Renaissance drawings and will be of great interest to anyone engaged in studying or caring for old master drawings.
ART / Techniques / Drawing / General, Drawing and drawings, Painting, drawing and art manuals
A valuable reference for scholars, conservators, scientists, and others with an interest in exploring the materials and techniques of metalpoint drawings.
- Introduction�Hugo Chapman
- Masters of metalpoint in northern Europe�Giulia Bartrum and An Van Camp
- Methodology�Joanna Russell, Judith Rayner and Jenny Bescoby
- Visual examination
- Raking light
- Transmitted light
- Microscopy
- Technical imaging
- Visible imaging
- Infrared imaging
- Ultraviolet imaging
- Reflectance transformation imaging
- Chemical analysis
- X-ray fluorescence
- Raman spectroscopy
- Visual examination
- Technical examination and analysis�Joanna Russell, Judith Rayner and Jenny Bescoby
- Introduction
- The drawings
- Supports
- Grounds
- Metalpoints
- Blind stylus
- Other media and techniques
- Case studies
- Drawings associated with Rogier van der Weyden
- Drawings by Albrecht D�rer
- Drawings by Hendrick Goltzius
- Conclusion
- Summary of results of visual examination and analysis
Appendix 1
Table 1 List of drawings examined
Table 2 Chemical definitions of terms used
Appendix 2 Experimental and methodological details