This book unpacks one of the most complicated and forgotten conflicts with a long history: the nomad-sedentary conflict in Afghanistan that has been continued in the modern era accelerated by the state formation process. Nomad-sedentary conflict sounds as a traditional type of contentious interaction over resources, but this book shows that this conflict is current and deeply related to political processes and types of regimes. The case of the nomad-sedentary conflict in Afghanistan helps to have a much more critical, nuanced and multi-layered approach toward nomadism and its relations with states’ policies, ethnic politics and resources-based contusion. The book shows that political changes, collective memory and resource scarcity constructed the dynamics of the nomad-sedentary conflict, and it reminds us that the politics of nomadism in Afghanistan is deeply linked to the history of coercive state formation. The book offers a rich and dynamic theoretical framework to examine the conflict, which has the potential to be applied in other contexts related to conflict analysis.