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Messiah and Righteousness in Paul and His Context
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16 September 2026
RELIGION / Biblical Studies / New Testament, Neues Testament, RELIGION / Judaism / Sacred Writings, Jüdische Texte: Tanach, Tora, Nevi’im, Ketuvim
1 Introduction
1.1 The Shape of the Question
1.1.1 A Brief History of Pauline Justification
1.1.2 An Interpretive Impasse and Beyond
1.1.3 A Way Forward
1.2 Methodology
1.3 Definitions
1.3.1 Messiah as Paul's Christ
1.3.2 Ancient Jewish Messianism as a Phenomenon of Ancient Jewish Messiah Discourse
1.3.3 The Language of Righteousness in Paul
1.4 The Rationale for the Selected Texts and Comparison
1.5 Outline
Part 1: Messiah and Righteousness in Ancient Jewish Texts
2 Messiah and Righteousness in Ancient Jewish Biblical Texts
2.1 Messiah and Righteousness in Samuel and Kings
2.1.1 1 Sam 24:18
2.1.2 1 Sam 26:23
2.1.3 2 Sam 8:15
2.1.4 Summary
2.2 Messiah and Righteousness in Psalms
2.2.1 Pss 7:9; 17:1 (OG 16:1); 18:21, 25 (OG 17:21, 25)
2.2.2 OG Ps 2:12
2.2.3 Pss 72:1-3 (OG 71:1-3); 89:15 (OG 88:15)
2.2.4 Ps 110:4 (OG 109:4)
2.2.5 Summary
2.3 Messiah and Righteousness in Isaiah
2.3.1 Isa 9:5-6 (OG 9:4-5)
2.3.2 Isa 11:4-5
2.3.3 Isa 16:5
2.3.4 Isa 45:13
2.3.5 Isa 53:11
2.3.6 Summary
2.4 Messiah and Righteousness in Jeremiah
2.4.1 Jer 23:5-6 (MT 33:14-16)
2.4.2 Summary
2.5 Messiah and Righteousness in Daniel
2.5.1 Dan 9:24-27
2.5.2 Summary
2.6 Conclusion
3 Messiah and Righteousness in Ancient Jewish Parabiblical Texts
3.1 Messiah and Righteousness in Psalms of Solomon
3.1.1 Ps. Sol. 17:21-40
3.1.2 Summary
3.2 Messiah and Righteousness in the Qumran texts
3.2.1 4Q252 (4QCommGen A) 6 V, 2-5
3.2.2 11Q13 (11QMelch) 2:7-18
3.2.3 4Q521 (4QMessAp) 7 II, 4-7
3.2.4 Summary
3.3 Messiah and Righteousness in the Book of Parables (1 Enoch 37-71)
3.3.1 1 En. 38:2a
3.3.2 1 En. 48:10
3.3.3 1 En. 62:2
3.3.4 1 En. 39:6-7
3.3.5 1 En. 46:3
3.3.6 1 En. 49:2-3
3.3.7 Summary
3.4 Messiah and Righteousness in Testament of Judah
3.4.1 T. Judah 24:1-6
3.4.2 Summary
3.5 Messiah and Righteousness in 4 Ezra
3.5.1 4 Ezra 7:26-36
3.5.2 4 Ezra 12:31-34
3.5.3 Summary
3.6 Conclusion
Part 2: Messiah and Righteousness in the Letters of Paul
4 Messiah and Righteousness in Pauline Letters Excluding Galatians and Romans
4.1 Messiah and Righteousness in 1 Thessalonians
4.1.1 1 Thess 4:6
4.1.2 Summary
4.2 Messiah and Righteousness in 1 and 2 Corinthians
4.2.1 1 Cor 1:30
4.2.2 1 Cor 6:11
4.2.3 2 Cor 5:21
4.2.4 Summary
4.3 Messiah and Righteousness in Philippians
4.3.1 Phil 3:9
4.3.2 Summary
4.4 Conclusion
5 Messiah and Righteousness in Galatians and Romans
5.1 Messiah and Righteousness in Galatians
5.1.1 Gal 2:16
5.1.2 Gal 3:23-24
5.1.3 Gal 2:21; 3:21; 5:3-4
5.1.4 Summary
5.2 Messiah and Righteousness in Romans
5.2.1 Rom 3:21-26
5.2.2 Rom 5:16-21
5.2.3 Rom 10:4-10
5.2.4 Summary
5.3 Conclusion
6 Conclusions
6.1 Summary of the Argument
6.2 The Language of Righteousness in Paul and His Interpreters
6.3 Messiah and Righteousness in the Context of Early Christianity
6.4 Final Remarks