Demand for potato in sub-Saharan Africa is growing, but the projected growth in demand is not matched by the projected growth rate in local potato production. An interplay of factors ensure the production gains achieved are small and slow. This chapter reviews the current state of potato production in Africa, and the challenges it faces. We review the development and promotion of suitable potato varieties, consider crop improvement initiatives and programs, and emphasise the potential of potato to contribute to food security and poverty reduction.