Traditional Asian farming methods are often seen as being close to organic production, but there is a need for considerable research and farmer education if the sector is to develop in accordance with scientifically led organic knowledge and to fulfil its potential. This chapter describes key crops grown in Asia and the current state of organic production in Asia, focussing particularly on rice production systems. The chapter examines types of organic rice farming and organic vegetable production. Finally, the chapter deals with the challenge of improving organic agriculture in Asia.