This practical guide in a glossary format with more than 300 entries, 100 figures and 2000 cross-references helps to quickly identify (in contrast to a web search) relevant information for most topics related to nanocarbons. The compendium is rounded off with tables including the timelines of fullerenes, nanotubes and graphene, illustrating the growing interest in the field of carbon nanostructures. Supplementary information, linked to each entry, is a dynamically growing resource containing multimedia material, additional references and links.