Grasslands play a key role in soil, water and biodiversity conservation and deliver numerous other ecosystem and cultural services. This chapter defines key terms associated with grassland grazing systems, with a particular emphasis on the meaning of grazing management and sustainable intensification. The chapter outlines current knowledge regarding major effects of grazing management on above- and belowground plant responses. The chapter then discusses how the mass flow of herbage can be manipulated through grazing management targets. Selected major effects of grazing on soil C and N stocks are then presented in the fourth section, and the chapter highlights how grazing strategies that maximise animal performance also have the potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, the chapter looks ahead to potential future research aimed at sustainable improvement of grassland and animal productivity within a context of global climate change.