Across modern nation-states, Indigenous Peoples continue to resist dispossession and sustain their cultures in the face of historical and contemporary pressures. Through sixteen in-depth case studies spanning six continents, this volume examines shared patterns of colonisation, genocide, land loss and forced assimilation. Bringing together Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars, it foregrounds Indigenous agency and resilience through strategies including legal action, language revitalisation, political activism and international advocacy. The contributors address contemporary challenges such as climate change, resource extraction and economic marginalisation, alongside ongoing struggles for sovereignty and self-determination. Together, the case studies offer a comparative perspective on Indigenous cultural survival across diverse global contexts.