Various methods are used to measure pH, including electrochemical and non-electrochemical techniques like colorimetric, catalytic, and optical approaches. Electrochemical methods remain the most reliable and widely used, with applications in food processing, health monitoring, agriculture, nuclear industries, and water quality.

This book explores materials-based electrode designs for pH sensors and evaluates their applications across different fields, highlighting their suitability for emerging and future technologies. It also offers a detailed overview of rigid, flexible, and stretchable pH sensors, examining their capabilities in various environments. Additionally, the book explores the impact of research and development on the creation of novel, miniaturized pH sensors designed for real-time monitoring in extreme conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, and chemically aggressive environments, as well as for wearable applications.

Key Features:

• Discusses the various metal oxides, polymers, carbon and composites materials-based electrode designs for electrochemical pH sensors
• Considers a selection of state-of-the-art materials and types of pH sensors that are beneficial for environmental, agriculture, food quality, wearable and aquaculture applications
• Covers the major tools and techniques used for analysing the pH sensing mechanism, including cyclic voltammetry, potentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
• Provides an overview of methods for the design and fabrication pH sensors, including the materials used
• Discusses advanced designs including electronic skin-based pH sensors