Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is one of the most common and economically important diseases of wheat worldwide. This chapter evaluates various methods of disease management, considering the key developments of recent decades, the major challenges encountered and the future trajectory of this work. Fungicides have been the primary means of disease management since the 1980s, but resistance has rendered some compounds ineffective. Qualitative or quantitative resistance genes have now been found on all 21 wheat chromosomes, giving a rich but complex source of genes for plant improvement. Molecular markers are now available for many resistance genes making marker-assisted selection for increased resistance an achievable goal for the future. The first STB resistance gene has now been cloned, but the mechanism of resistance remains a mystery. Despite the huge progress made during the past twenty years, STB remains a destructive disease that is likely to require substantial future efforts for its control.