Crop protection aims at avoiding or mitigating the effects of biotic stressors that hinder the establishment and development of crop plants, playing a pivotal role in ensuring the global production of abundant, healthy, and affordable food. However, increasing societal concerns regarding the environmental and human health risks of plant protection products, coupled with rising cases of resistance among pests and pathogens, have driven policy initiatives to reduce pesticide dependence. The adoption of precision approaches and technologies within crop protection systems, aiming at applying inputs where, when and how much is needed by the crop, presents a significant opportunity to support this transition. This chapter addresses developments in precision approaches to crop protection from pests and diseases, discussing technologies and methods along with examples of applications. Despite rapid advances, further research is needed to demonstrate reliable, scalable solutions that farmers and growers can implement.