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What makes civilian leaders truly in charge of their armed forces? Why do some governments manage to establish durable democratic oversight of the military while others struggle—or fail? This compelling volume brings together leading scholars of civil–military relations to answer these crucial questions through a wide-ranging comparative lens.
Covering ten diverse nations—India, Guyana, Malaysia, the Philippines, China, Japan, Finland, Mexico, Lebanon, and Chile—the contributors explore the historical, political, and cultural conditions that have allowed civilian authority to take root. Rather than focusing on breakdowns and coups, they illuminate the strategies, institutions, and partnerships that enable civilian regimes to succeed.
Framed by incisive opening and closing essays from Claude E. Welch, Jr., the book offers both a conceptual foundation and a set of grounded case studies that challenge assumptions and reveal patterns across vastly different societies. From party–military dynamics in China to legislative oversight in Lebanon and the evolution of military professionalism in Finland, these chapters provide fresh insights into one of the most vital elements of stable governance.
"In this book, the contributors look at the issue of civilian control of the military from a comparative viewpoint. They examine several countries where the civilian government appears to be in control of the military, looking for some underlying principles which allowed that control to develop. The countries examined are India, Guyana, Malaysia, the Philippines, China, Japan, Finland, Mexico, Lebanon and Chile. Welch provides introductory and closing essays that establish a framework for discussion. The thrust of the book is to tell not why civilian regimes fail, but why some succeed." — Military Review
"A remarkably cohesive book. The style is straightforward and the material well presented." — Air University Review
"A solid work." — Perspective
Preface
Civilian Control of the Military: Myth and Reality
By Claude E. Welch, Jr.
Civilian Control of the Military in India
By Stephen P. Cohen
Civilian Control of the Military: Implications in the Plural Societies of Guyana and Malaysia
By Cynthia H. Enloe
The Bases of Civilian Control of the Military in the Philippines
By Sherwood D. Goldberg
The Dynamics of Party-Military Relations in China
By Parris H. Chang
Civilian Control of the Military in Japan
By James H. Buck
The Development of Governmental Control Over the Armed Forces of Finland
By William J. Stover
Civilian Control and the Mexican Military: Changing Patterns of Political Influence
By Franklin D. Margiotta
Civilian Control of the Military in Lebanon: A Legislative Perspective
By Abdo I. Baaklini
Background to a Coup: Civil-Military Relations in Twentieth-Century Chile and the Overthrow of Salvador Allende
By Albert L. Michaels
Two Strategies of Civilian Control: Some Concluding Observations
By Claude E. Welch, Jr.
Index