Cesare Lombroso is considered the founder of criminology with his theory distinguishing criminals from noncriminal by physical oddities. This book argues that the study of ethnography in Latin America should give more attention to the Lombroso school and the academic exchange between relatively marginal national anthropologies, such as the Italian and Latin American schools. From racial ideas in Italy at the end of the nineteenth century to Lombroso’s voyages to South America and his legacy after his passing, Cesare Lombroso in Latin America is presented through an anthropologist’s eye through interpretation of many explored and unexplored historical documents.