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There are some twenty-five words for “snow” in the Inupiaq language. Each word denotes a different kind of snow—fresh powder snow, hard pack, soft snow, very wet snow, or just snow. Such fine distinction is reasonable, for over the centuries, Natives of the Arctic have had to rely on their knowledge of the snow to survive. Now Matthew Sturm has prepared an educational children’s book designed to teach a new generation of Arctic residents the importance of Arctic snow cover. Fully illustrated to demonstrate the cycle of the snow cover, Apun covers each phase of the “snow year.” Geared towards grades 3–4, this is a must read for elementary science classes.
Matthew Sturm is a research physical scientist with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. He lives and works in Fairbanks.
Acknowledgments
Snow and Life
Barrow, Alaska
The Snow Calendar
Snow Is a Quilt
Snow and Lemmings
Snow and Caribou
Snow and Shrubs
Snowmobiles
Snow Crystals
Condensation Nuclei
Diamond Dust
Snowflakes
Capped Columns
Water Molecules
Changing Snow
October Snow
Snow Metamorphism
Three Metamorphic Forces
Wind
Snow Saltation
Blizzards
Sintering
Drifts
Cornices
Temperature Gradients
Vapor Sublimation and Condensation
Depth Hoar Crystals
Pukak
Playing on Depth Hoar
Observing Depth Hoar
Heat
Melt Clusters
Percolation Columns
Firnspiegel
Slush
Snow and People
Snow Knives
Snow Houses
Snow and Disappearing Sea Ice
Apun Is Life
Iñupiaq Glossary
Index