Salmonella infection in pigs represents a major public health challenge due to its significant contribution to foodborne illness in humans. While control strategies have traditionally focused on the fattening stage, increasing evidence highlights the importance of earlier production phases. This chapter reviews recent advances in understanding Salmonella dynamics in neonatal and nursery pigs. It explores infection patterns in breeding sows, including asymptomatic carriage and intermittent shedding, and discusses potential vertical transmission routes. The roles of colostral immunity, gut microbiota development, and stress-induced dysbiosis during lactation and weaning are analyzed as key susceptibility factors. The nursery stage is identified as a critical window due to declining maternal antibodies, immature adaptive immunity, and regulatory changes affecting antimicrobial use. Emerging findings suggest that infections acquired early can persist through the production cycle, contributing to carcass contamination. The chapter concludes with implications for surveillance and control strategies targeting the sow–piglet–nursery continuum.