The health benefits of nuts, mainly in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) but also for other chronic conditions, have been widely demonstrated in epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Among nuts, pistachio is a nut with a moderate amount of macronutrients and micronutrients. It is specifically rich in vegetable protein, fibre and bioactive compounds such as lutein-zeaxanthin and beta-carotene, all of them linked to potential health benefits. This chapter explains the nutritional composition of pistachio nuts and summarizes their potential health benefits and the current human, animal and in vitro research exploring the beneficial role of pistachios on health.