The number of dairy farms equipped with automatic milking systems (AMS) has grown steadily since the first installation in the early 90's. The combination of continuous progress in technology along with great improvements in nutrition and management of cattle has allowed to reach a situation where, today, cows milked with AMS achieve similar levels of productive and economic performance than in conventional parlors. There are, however, several aspects undermining the potential of this technology as well as several great untapped opportunities to further improve production and economic returns. This chapter discusses the advantages and the disadvantages of AMS, as well as new opportunities associated with a relatively new approach to milk cows call batch automatic milking system (BAMS) which combines a fully automatized and labor-free milking routine, and a consistent milking schedule for every cow with a relatively lower initial investment compared with AMS.