Technology is becoming embedded in different aspects of agriculture. Specifically, automation of the milking process within dairy production systems represents fundamental change for the operator, the cow herd and indeed the whole farm operation. Adoption of automatic milking requires new thinking for the traditional tasks of feeding, milking and maintaining cow health. The operator needs to change the way in which they manage the dairy business, in assisting the cow in voluntary milking and in interpreting and using data for decision-making and resource management. Automatic milking can bring significant benefits to a dairy business, but it has a high investment cost. If adopted, it is crucially important that its operation is successful. This chapter provides comprehensive information on the different aspects of automatic milking to ensure that the potential benefits of the system are available to dairy farmers and to promote progress of precision farming within dairy communities.