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Following the restoration of Lithuania’s independence and the dismantlement of the Soviet Union, the Kaliningrad region is now an exclave surrounded by EU member states. Departing from the analytical framework of Europeanisation, this book analyses the interaction between Russia and its Kaliningrad region on one side, and their European partners on the other side, thus assessing the region’s potential to serve as Russia’s main opening to the EU.
How do EU relations ‘feed back’ into Kaliningrad’s domestic arena, or, put differently, does Kaliningrad become ‘Europeanised’ – at least to some extent? In particular, do EU standards and norms impact on the exclave and in what ways? The book not only offers thorough case studies of a number of policy areas affected by the EU (environmental, economics and higher education), it also refines our way of thinking about Europeanisation ‘beyond’ Europe.
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1. Introduction: adapting to European integration? Kaliningrad, Russia and the European Union - Stefan Gänzle and Guido Müntel
Part I: Analytical framework
2. Conceptualising Europeanisation in Eastern Europe: EU impact in ‘likely’ and ‘unlikely’ member states - Christoph Knill, Diana Pitschel and Michael W. Bauer
3. How do enclaves adjust to changes in the external environment? A theory of enclaves and the case of Kaliningrad - Evgeny Vinokurov
4. EU-Russia-Kaliningrad relations – a case of soft securitisation? - Holger Moroff
Part II: The policy framework: Kaliningrad in its domestic and international context
5. Multi-level governance and centralisation in Russia: implications for EU-Russia relations - Joan DeBardeleben
6. Federalism in Russia: opportunity or constraint for Kaliningrad? - Stefan Meister
7. Social identity and regionalisation: the case of Kaliningrad - Anna M. Karpenko
8. Kaliningrad in its neighbourhood – regional cooperation with Poland and Lithuania - Silke Schielberg
9. Regional organisations in the Northern Dimension area and Kaliningrad - Tobias Etzold
Part III: Empirical evidence: Kaliningrad and policy adaptation vis-à-vis the EU?
10. Economic policy - Evgeny Vinokurov
11. European principles in a Russian context: the transformation of social policy? - Vyacheslav Dykhanov
12. Environmental governance in Kaliningrad: lost opportunities - Guido Müntel
13. Public health policy: how does Kaliningrad adapt to the EU? - Alexandre Berlin and Greg Mestdag
14. Higher education in Kaliningrad - Stefan Gänzle, Stefan Meister and Conrad King
15. Integrated management of the EU-Russia common border: the Kaliningrad perspective - Alexey Ignatyev, Konstantin Shopin and Pyotr Shopin
Part IV: Conclusions
16. Summary: Kaliningrad and Europeanisation ‘à la carte’ - Stefan Gänzle and Guido Müntel
17. Russia: a case to revise the concept of Europeanisation - Gabriella Meloni
Postface. Coping with Stalin’s legacy and Putin’s autocracy: Kaliningrad between post-Soviet Russia and the European Union - Helmut Hubel