China is the largest potato producer in the world, accounting for a quarter of total global production. The potato has become the fourth most important food crop in China, following corn, rice and wheat. The development of the potato industry has significantly helped to alleviate poverty, improve food security and increase farmers’ incomes. This chapter provides a systematic and comprehensive review of the Chinese potato industry. Topics addressed include potato germplasm collection and evaluation, variety breeding, cultivation and planting patterns. Seed potato propagation is also covered.