The volume is the outcome of a lecture series organised by the Courant Research Centre Education and Religion (EDRIS) of the Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen in 2012. Twelve contributions approach the relationship between education and religion by focusing on prominent teacher figures, mostly active in the period between the early Roman Empire to the classical period of Islam (1st-13th centuries AD). The volume presents figures such as Plato, Jesus, Plutarch, Flavius Josephus, Libanius, Proclus, Muhammad or al-Farabi, who decisively shaped the cultural and religious landscape of the Greco-Roman world and the monotheistic religions. Two contributions build a bridge towards modernity and exemplarily demonstrate the lasting relevance of these figures and of the pedagogical, religious and cultural ideas they embody for our contemporary world.